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Abstracts

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Abstracts from the 1999 Society for Risk Analysis Annual Meeting

Author Index

Addressing Uncertainty and Variability in Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models
A. Roy and P. G. Georgopoulos

Adopting ‘Value Focused’ Risk Communication to Aid Decision Making
J. L. Arvai

Advanced Programmatic Risk Analysis for Critical Dependent Engineered Systems and Application to Unmanned Space Missions
M. E. Paté-Cornell and R. Dillon

Advances in Safety Assessment Using "#34 Adjustment Factors
S. C. Lewis

Advantages and Disadvantages of a Risk-Related University-Based Approach to Responding to Environmental Management Needs at Department of Energy Sites
Bernard D. Goldstein, Elaine Faustman, John Moore, and Charles Powers

Age-Related Differences in Aggregate Exposures to Pesticides
C. F. Chaisson, P. S. Price, and J. Y. Young

Aggregate Exposure Assessment for Radon: Results of the National Academy Study
R. G. Sextro, T. E. McKone, and P. K. Hopke

Aggregate Exposure Assessment: Issues and Processes
H. Özkaynak

Aleatory and Epistemic Uncertainties in PSA
G. E. Apostolakis

Algorithm for Calculating the Magnitude of Interindividual Uncertainty Factor, An
M. O. Fouchecourt and K. Krishnan

Analysis of Hazards and Risks at Industrial objects Safety Declaring
V. V. Menshikov, A. A. Shvyriaev, E. S. Nicolina, E. K.Churakova and V. P. Shestakov

Analysis of the Basis for Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) Concentrations
A. Maier, J. Zhao, K. Poirier, and H. Ahlers

Analyzing Emergent Vaccine Risk Theories Using VAERS and VSD: The Case of Hepatitis B Vaccine
G. Mootrey, R. C. Chen, and B. Hibbs

Analysis of Chernobyl Disaster As the Basis for Development of the International Programs for Prevention of New Nuclear Disasters and Minimization of the Ecological Genetic Risk, The
I. I. Suskov, A. I. Glouchtchenko, and B. T. Surikov

Antifouling Paint Regulation and Risk Communication
R. E. Löfstedt

Applicability of Surface Wipe Sampling Results for Risk Assessment of Indoor Child Exposures
M. Clauberg and R. W. Severson

Application of Interval Models Technique to the Safety Insurance Planning, The
F. M. Akhmedjanov, and I. Ya. Zinnatullin

Application of PBPK Model for Assessment of the Lactational Transfer of MEHG to Nursing Infant
J. Z. Byczkowski and J. C. Lipscomb

Applying Engineering Models to Pathogen Control in the Beef Slaughter Plants
T. R. Roberts and M. Modarres

Applying Laddering to the Investigation of Perceptions of Risk-Theory and Practice
P. R. Carmody

Applying Modern Metrics for Risk Assessments: Use of QALYs for Drinking Water Risk Analyses and Risk Communications
T. Harvey

Approach for Modeling Constant and Variable Demographic and Exposure Information Across Individuals, An
P. S. Price, J. Y. Young, and C. F. Chaisson

Are BMD-Ratios Informative?: The Influence of Experimental Design and Analysis
K. Brand, P. Catalano, J. Hammitt, L. Rhomberg, and J. Evans

Are We Ever Going to Win: ’98 Floods in China?
G. H. Han

Arsenic and Plague: An Analysis of Risk Communication in Indian Newspapers
Arvind Susarla

Arsenic Associated With Golf Courses: On-Site and Off-Site Risk Considerations for Soil and Water
C. M. Teaf, R. G. Cooper, and J. J. McNally

Assessing and Communicating Risk of Violence: Probabilities Differ from Relative Frequencies
P. Slovic, D. MacGregor, and J. Monahan

Assessing Cumulative Risk: The Critical Issue of Uncertainty Factors
E. A. Julien, L. M. Barraj, J. M. Kelley, J.R. Tomerlin, and B. J. Petersen

Assessing Ecological Risks at Large Spatial Scales
W. R. Munns, Jr., B. S. Brown, and J. F. Paul

Assessing Exposure for Cumulative Risk Assessment
P. B. Ryan, B. E. Mileson and S. S. Olin

Assessing Human Interindividual Differences in Chemical Metabolism As Mediators of Risk
J. C. Lipscomb, J. E. Seng, and J. E. Snawder

Assessing Risk of Foreign Pest Entry Via the Solid Wood Packing Material Pathway
J. E. Pasek

Assessment and Management of the Flood Risk
S. G. Mironyuk, and L. Yu

Assessment of Health Risk from Air Pollution for Industrial Cities of Russia: Methodological Overview
R. G. Aziev, V. S. Den’ga, and I. A. Pronina

Assessment of Prenatal Exposure to Trihalomethanes in Tap Water
N. E. Stone, L. Y. Wong, B. K. Lin, C. A. Gotway, and A. Correa

Assessment of Risks Associated with Diquat Dibromide
R. C. Cochran, T. A. Formoli, K. F. Pfeifer, and M. H. Silva

Assessment of Risks from Pathogens in Combined Sewer Overflow Discharges in Seattle, Washington
J. Simmonds, S. Munger, J. Rose, C. Gibson, and J. Toll,

Back-Calculation of Soil Cleanup Levels Utilizing Monte Carlo Techniques
R. J. Fares and K. G. Symms

Bad Blood or the Elixir of Life? Perceived Risk of Blood Transfusions
M. L. Finucane, P. Slovic, and C. K. Mertz

Bayesian Approaches to Analyzing and Incorporating "Soft Evidence" in Risk Analysis
R. M. McDowell and S. Kaplan

Beliefs About Utility, Private Well, and Bottled Water Quality & Management of New Jersey Residents
B. B. Johnson, D. Kovacs, and C. Chess

Bimodality and Other Complications in the Assessment of Human Interindividual Variability
R. Goble, D. Hattis, and P. Banati

Birth Weight As a Predictor of Toxicant-Induced Changes in Infant Mortality Test With the Effects of Cigarette Smoking
A. Makri and D. B. Hattis

Black Carp, A Test for a New Risk Analysis Process for Invasive Species, The
R. L. Orr, L. G. Nico, and J. D. Williams

Butatdiene Dose Reconstruction
M. Macaluso

Cadmium Nephrotoxicity in Occupational and General Populations
L. T. Haber and G. L. Foureman

Calculating Cleanup Levels With Monte Carlo: Regulatory Concerns and Perspective
T. W. Simon

Can We Know the Iceberg from Its Tip? Censored Distributions in Risk Assessment
M. Butcher, T. Barry, and S. Ferson

Cancer Risk Assessment Using Multimedia and Multiroute Human Exposure of Dioxin in Korea
D. C. Shin, J. Y. Yang, S. E. Park, and Y. D. Yu

Changes in Risk Perceptions Relating to Genetically Modified Food in Response to Source Information
M. S. Dean and G. M. Breakwell

Characterization of Dose Distributions of Selected Breast Milk Contaminants to Nursing Infants: DDE and TCDD
J. S. LaKind, C. M. Berlin, D. Q. Naiman, and C. N. Park

Characterization of the Public Risk Perception and Mitigation Behavior: Case Study in Japan
M. Ohe

Characterizing Exposures to Smoke and Fog Special Effects by Actors in Broadway Musicals
K. R. Wilmarth and A. S. Kao

Characterizing Risk for Cumulative Risk Assessment
T. A. Burke and S. A. Ferenc

Characterizing Uncertainty and Variability
H. C. Frey

Chemical Accident Risk Assessment Thesaurus: Tool for Analyzing and Comparing Risk Assessment Processes
A. J. Ignatowski and I. Rosenthal

Chemical Explosions, Right-To-Know, and the Local Media
S. M. Friedman

Chemical Fingerprinting for Litigation Support - A Case Study of Effective Environmental Forensics
T. C. Bernhardt, A. K. Madl, K. A. Exuzides, and P. J. Sheehan

Children’s Dermal Exposure and Dose: Using an Event-Based Model to Evaluate Measurement Approaches
M. L. Rigas, V. G. Zartarian, E. C. Hubal, and H. Ozkaynak

Children’s Exposure to Pet Products: How Do We Regulate?
S. H. Youngren and B. M. Polakoff

Chronic Environmental Burdens: Spatial Variability in Potential Risk Exposures
S. Cutter and A. Hill

Closed Form Model for Assessing the Risk to Countries Importing Animals or Animal Products from Disease-Free Regions
S. Kaplan and R. M. McDowell

Columbia River Comprehensive Impact Assessment: Technocratic and Community Conceptions of Risk, The
A. T. Guglielmo and T. M. Leschine

Communicating Air Pollution Conditions: Results from a Philadelphia Study
B. B. Johnson

Community Level Impacts of Waterborne Infection
C. N. Haas and M. Gupta

Comparative Risk Analysis of Health Consequences Caused by Contaminated Environment
A. A. Bykov, I. A. Pronina, and E. V. Kuljova

Comparative Risk, Children’s Health, and Multiple Chemical Exposures
C. Stroebel, A. Kukowski, and P. Shubat

Comparative Risk: Evaluating Risks, Benefits and Tradeoffs
R. G. Tardiff and J. Patterson

Comparative Risk Methods
P. A. Murphy

Comparing Automobile Risk Perceptions and Insurance-Purchasing Decisions in Japan and the US
H. Hayakawa, P. S. Fischbeck, and B. Fischhoff

Comparing Sensitivity Analyses: Different Results from Deterministic and Probabilistic Risk Assessment
M. E. Hensle, P. B. Ryan, and T. W. Simon

Comparing the Essential Features of Microbial and Chemical Risk Assessments As Seen by the Affected Population
J. L. Cicmanec

Comparison of Comparative Risk Assessments: Evaluating Four Minnesota Projects, A
K. Sexton

Comparison of External Dose With Internal Dose of Inorganic Arsenic Using PB-PK Model
H. Lee, S. Choi, E. Yoon, K. Kim, and D. Yu

Comparison of Foodborne Risks: Public vs. Scientific Perspectives, A
P. R. D. Williams, J. K. Hammitt, K. Thompson, and G. Gray

Comparison of Methods for Estimating Human Exposure Risk to a Variety of Airborne Emission Sources
P. R. Mayes, L. F. McGrath, and P. G. Georgopoulos

Comparison of Soil Gas Data to Vapor Migration Modeling Results, A
S. L. Sager and A. H. Bass

Comparison of the Daily Infant Dietary Estrogenic Dose Associated With Ingestion Bisphenol-A vs. Naturally Occurring Compounds, A
B. Finley, M. Goodman, D. J. Cher, and K. Connor

Comparison of the Efficiency and Robustness of Methods for Uncertainty Analysis, A
S. S. Isukapalli, A. Roy, and P. G. Georgopoulos

Consumer Confidence Reports" on Drinking Water Quality: Surveys of Utility Customer Reactions
B. B. Johnson

Consumer’s Guide to Benchmark Dose Models; Results of EPA QA/QC Testing, A
J. S. Gift, T. A. Dawson, J. Caldwell, and R. W. Setzer

Content, Accessibility, and Form of Existing Cryptosporidium Communication Instruments
F. Wu

Contradictions in Risk Management in Marine Transportation
J. M. Kendra

Critical Radionuclide/Critical Pathway Analysis for the Savannah River Site
G. T. Jannik

Cross-Species and Cross-Route Comparisons of Acute Lethal Doses: Further Results of Analysis of a Large Database
L. R. Rhomberg and L. C. Caprario

Cultural and Ideological Origins of Risk Perceptions: Who’s Afraid of Climate Change, The
R. E. O’Connor, R. J. Bord, and A. Fisher

Cumulative Impacts and Risks to Groundwater and Columbia River from Hanford Site Contaminants
P. G. Doctor, B. L. Harper, S. G. Harris, and N. K. Lane

Dermal Microbial Risk Assessment: Impact of Germicidal Soap on Risk of Infection from Staphylococcus
C. N. Haas and J. B. Rose

Design of a Monitoring Plan for a Former Uranium Mine Using Uncertainty and Feasibility Analyses
R. C. Lee, R. Robinson, M. Kennedy, and S. Swanson, and M. Nahir

Determination of Drinking Water Action Levels for 11-aminoundecanoic Acid
N. A. Sachs, A. D. Phelka, and L. L. Bestervelt

Developing a Hierarchical Error Model Structure to Appropriately Account for Variability in Parameter Estimation Techniques Used in PBPK Models
A. S. Collins, T. B. Kepler and M. Davidian

Developing Risk-Based Cleanup Levels for Radionuclides Using Two Regulatory Approaches
A. F. Eidson, S. Duce, and W. Schaal

Development and Implementation of Deterministic and Stochastic Methods and Modeling Tools for Assessing Potential Multi-Pathway, Multi-Route Residential Exposures
J. H. Driver, M. D. Pandian, N. V. Henderson, F. Selman, M. Eberhart, and T. Pastoor

Development of a Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic (PB-PK) Model and Human Health Risk Assessment for Coumarin
H. Clewell, R. Gentry, J. Gearhart, S. Born, and L. Lehman-McKeeman

Development of a Probabilistic Model for Trichloroethylene-Induced Liver Cancer
T. W. Simon

Development of a Sociodemographic Indicator of Risk from Consumption of Recreationally Caught Fish
K. K. Pflugh, L. Lurig, D. Wilson, and E. Bochenek

Development of Ecologically Protective Soil Concentrations Using Food-Chain Modeling in Conjunction With Site-Specific Soil and Tissue Concentrations
Anita Balaraman, Rachel Bonnefil, and Doug Lipton

Development of Human Health Risk Model and Validation for Indoor Air Exposure to Hydrocarbons
L. A. Rodricks, J. Caron, and M. Adomait

Disposition of High-Level Radioactive Waste Through Geological Isolation: Preliminary Impressions from an International Workshop
D. W. North, R. Kasperson, and C. Mays

Dose Reconstruction for E. Coli O157:H7 in Hamburger
E. Ebel and W. Schlosser

Dose Reconstruction of Past Exposures to Contaminated Groundwater
A. J. Greenberg and E. J. Fourakis

Dose Response Analysis
M. Walderhaug

Dose-Response Curves of Human Mortality Versus Measures of Pollution
R. J. Klemm and C. L. Link

Ecological-Genetic Risk As One of Fundamental Notions of Natural Science on the Threshold of the XXI Century
A. I. Glouchtchenko and I. I. Suskov

Ecological Insurance in Russia: Analysis and Prospects
E. Kuljova, V. S. Den’ga, and I. A. Pronina

Ecological Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sediments: A Weight-of-Evidence Approach
G. S. Mann

Ecological Risk Assessment Strategy for a Large Brownfields Site, An
P. J. Sheehan and R. M. Kalmes

Ecological Risk Assessments As Socially Generated Requests for Information
J. Glicken

Ecological Risk-Benefit Analysis Based on Risk Assessment Using Expected Loss of Biodiversity
T. Oka, H. Matsuda, and Y. Kadono

Ecological Risk, Decisions to Protect, and Detoxified Environments
B. W. Cornaby, T. P. Burns, C. T. Hadden, and S. V. Mitz

Effectiveness of Collaborative Community-Based Groups in Risk Management Decision Making
M. E. Dakins and M. Hart

Effect of Sampling Design on Endocrine, Reproductive, and Developmental Toxicity Studies, The
D. B. Janszen, B. Elswick, F. Welsch

Effect of Soil Particle Size on Risk Estimates, The
R. A. Perona, D. Michael, M. Tardiff, and T. McFarland

Effects of Deregulation on Safety
V. Bier, J. Joosten, D. Glyer, M. Welsh, M., and J. Tracey

Effects of Risk Perception on Understanding Adverse Vaccine Effects and the Use of Vaers, The
S. J. Kapplin and A. H. Bostrom

Efficient Technique for the Estimation of Uncertainty Due to Exposure-Factor Variability in National Distribution of Risks, An
C. M. Marin, V. Guvanasen, and Z. A. Saleem

Electronic Canary: Vision for 21st Century Risk Assessments, The?
P. L. Knechtges

Embayment Sensitivity to Eutrophication: Integrating Risk Factors on a Watershed Scale
W. T. Wickwire, C. A. Menzie, J. J. Cura, and J. Freshman

Emerging Health Issues for Disinfectant By-Products (Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity)
G. L. Kimmel

Emerging Issues in Microbial Pathogen Risk Assessment: Chronic Outcomes and Sensitive Populations
J. M. Balbus, R. T. Parkin, D. F. Goldsmith, and M. A. Embrey

Engineered Clean-Up Levels Through Target Risk Division Analysis
T. L. Schultz

Enterprise Risk Management: From Backroom to Boardroom
L. Sjöberg and W. Thornhill

Environmental and Economic Risk Trade-Offs in a Transitional Society
R. Barke, A. Bostrom, S. Gen, K. Paskaleva, and P. Roukova

Environmental Justice: A Regional Perspective
E. Wright

EPA Methodology for Assessing Risks from Indoor Radon
D. J. Pawel and C. Nelson

Epidemiologists and Risk Analysts: Are We Speaking the Same Language When It Comes to Food Safety?
P. Cowen, R. A. Morales, and M. McElvaine

Epidemiology and Prevention: Competing Approaches and Opportunities for Collaboration
E. Esteban and R. Rheingans

Epistemological Distances Between Scientists, Policy Makers and the Public
T. D. Garvin

Equal Slopes Test: A Statistical Method for Evaluating Extrapolation Methods in Quantitative Risk Analysis, The
F. Ye

Equilibrium-Approach Model for Simulating Contaminant Transfer Between Surfaces and Skin in Support of FQPA, An
E. J. Furtaw, C. C. Dary, M. J. Dellarco, and C. G. Saint

Estimating Children’s Dermal and Non-Dietary Ingestion Exposure and Dose with EPA’s Sheds Model
V. Zartarian, H. Ozkaynak, J. Burke, M. Zufall, M. Rigas, and E. Furtaw

Estimating Children’s Health Risks from Exposures to Organophosphate Pesticides
K. Sexton, J. L. Adgate, E. D. Pellizzari, J. J. Quackenboss, and P. J. Lioy

Estimating Individual Sample Residue Distributions from Composite Sample Residue Distributions
L. M. Barraj, K. D. Tucker, and J. R. Tomerlin

Estimating the Economic Impact of Mycotoxins in the US Food Supply: A Monte-Carlo Analysis
C. R. McLaughlin and P. J. Vardon

Estimation of Childhood Soil Ingestion Rates Using a Probabilistic Toxicokinetic Lead Model
S. M. Bartell, J. H. Shirai, C. H. Pierce, and J. C. Kissel

Estimation of Soil Contact Rates for a Residential Child Scenario
E. Y. Wong, J. H. Shirai, T. J. Garlock, and J. C. Kissel

Evaluating and Classifying Global Environmental Risks
O. Renn and A. Klinke

Evaluating Cleanup Decisions at the Department of Energy: An Approach for Long-Term Stewardship
C. H. Drew and T. L. Nyerges

Evaluating Incremental Risks to Southeast Alaska Subsist
R. Hummell, M. Bowland, and R. Pool

Evaluating Risk Communication in a Participatory Context: A Military Base Cleanup Application
H. A. Clark

Evaluation of a Risk Communication on Vaccine-Related Misperceptions
A. Bostrom

Evaluation of Hanford Cleanup Certification Packages to Support Records of Decision
W. C. Griffith, E. M. Faustman, K. McCarthy, and J. A. Moore

Evaluation of Military Fuel Potential to Produce Male Reproductive Toxicity
G. B. Briggs, W. A. Price, A. F. Walsh, W. K. Alexander, and K. R. Still

Evaluation of Probabilities of Cancer Causation from Radionuclides Released to the Clinch River
B. A. Thomas, F. O. Hoffman, K. M. Thiessen, A. I. Apostoaei, and S. L. Simon

Expert Mental Models of Ecosystem Risk
W. G. B. Smith

Explorations With a Spatially Explicit Ecological Exposure Model
B. K. Hope

Exposure Assessment in Contaminated Belarus Forests
T. Sullivan, K. Anderson, A. Z. Grebenkov, and V. V. Rymkevich

Exposure Assessment of Salmonella Enteritidis in Raw Shell Eggs
H. K. Latimer, D. Crawford-Brown, L. A. Jaykus, P. Cowen, and R. A. Morales

"Farm to Fork" Exposure Assessment: Modeling the Process
M. J. Nauta

Faster and Cheaper Way to Estimate Human Health Risk, A
L. J. Long

Forecasting Ecological Sustainability Using Dynamic Risk Models
J. F. McLaughlin and W. G. Landis

Forecasting the Disaster Risk by Probabilistic Analysis of Natural Phenomena
V. A. Akimov

Foundation of an International Center of Rehabilitation As a Strategy of Minimization of the Mutagenic Risk for People Exposed to Radiation, The
I. I. Suskov, A. I. Glouchtchenko, and S. Shapiro

FQPA: The Need to Expand Approaches for Estimating Dietary Exposure to Contaminants in Meat and Milk
A. E. Love, L. M. Barraj, C. L. Walls, and B. M. Polakoff

Fraction of Salmonella False Negative Poultry Flocks and Implications for Logistic Slaughtering, The
E. G. Evers and M. J. Nauta

Framework for Comparing the Risks and Benefits of Eating Contaminated Fish, A
P. D. Anderson

Framework for Model Uncertainty in Risk Assessment
E. Droguett and A. Mosleh

Group Decision-Making Method for Ranking Health and Safety Risks
K. M. Morgan, M. L. DeKay, P. S. Fischbeck, and M. G. Morgan

Health Risk Assessment Based on Physiological Modeling of Pharmacokinetic Interactions in Chemical Mixtures
S. Haddad, G. Charest-Tardif, R. Tardif, and K. Krishnan

Health Risk Assessment of the Consumption of Sport Fish in Areas With Fish Consumption Advisories: A Case Study of the Lower Fox River, Wisconsin
K. Connor, T. Iannuzzi, D. Ludwig, N. Wilson and V. Craven, and B. Finley

Hierarchical Bayesian Model for Certification of Freedom from Animal Pathogens
I. A. Gardner, E. Suess, and W. O. Johnson

Higher Order Uncertainties in Probabilistic Ecological Risk Assessment
T. Aldenberg and J. S. Jaworska

Holistic Framework for Environmental Risk Policy, A
K. Green

Holistic Risk Characterization and Environmental Justice
B. L. Harper

How Consumers Judge Risks from Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Ads
C. L. Coleman, D. Sillivan, E. Slaughter, and Nancy Ostrove

How Should Critical Prey Concentrations for Field Populations of Birds Be Calculated from Toxicity Data?
D. Glaser

How to Satisfy Multiple Constraints on Cleanup Goals in a Probabilistic Assessment
D. S. Myers and S. Ferson

Human Centered Risk Assessment
V. A. Eremenko, D. C. Bley, and J. G. Droppo

Human Exposure and Population Risk Models for Implementing 3MRA
T. K. Pierson, K. W. Little, A. C. Lutes, S. M. Kroner, and A. Tohmaz

Human Interindividual Variability in Susceptibility to Airborne Particles
D. B. Hattis and R. Goble, and M. Chu

Identification of Chemicals of Concern Based on a Qualitative Uncertainty Analysis, The
K. M. Scruton

Impact of Land Use on Flood Risk: Its Spatial and Temporal Dynamics
P. J. S. Shi, W. G. Z. Zhou, and W. H. F. Fnag

Impact of Risk Perception in Stress and in Coping Strategies Face to a Risk Situation, The
E. Lopez Vazquez

Impending Challenges to Risk-Based Decision-making: A View Toward Multi-national Business Concerns
C. A. Pittinger

Implementing a Risk Assessment Work Plan Developed by Stakeholder Consensus
A. M. Holbrow, N. Nazmi, J. S. Smith, and G. P. Brorby

Incidence of Adverse Health Effects Attributable to Pesticides: A Study of Farm and Non-farm Children
L. M. Barraj, E. A. Julien, and M. J. Kelley

Incorporating Inter-Individual Variability in Risk Assessment for Noise-Induced Hearing Loss with Emphasis on Methodology, Neurotoxicity, and Policy
A. A. Makri, D. Hattis, and R. Goble

Influence of Ethnic Origin on Estimates of Thyroid Cancer Risk
F. O. Hoffman and A. I. Apostoaei

Information Technology, Risk, and Risk Analysis in the (Early) 21st Century
M. G. Morgan and F. M. Morgan

Institutional Management of Residually Contaminated Sites
M. R. English

Integrated Assessment of Particulate Matter Exposure and Health Impacts
S. Yeh and M. J. Small

Integrated Multipathway Exposure Model for Volatile Organic Compounds
P. C. Chrostowski, S. A. Foster, and J. L. Lape

Integrated Regional Assessment: Identifying the Most Important Risks
A. Fisher

Integrating Risk Assessment Across K-9 Subjects
B. Schlegel, B. D. Steinberg, L. Hemminger, B. L. Weidner, and A. R. Gotsch

Integrator Operable Units, a Key Setting for Implementing New RA Techniques
C. W. Powers, S. Erdal, B. Friedlander, D. Kosson, and B. G. Goldstein

Introduction to Cumulative Risk Assessment
B. E. Mileson

Is Legally Imposed Medical Monitoring of Community Members Likely To Reduce Risk?
R. Carruth, M. Gochfeld and B. Goldstein

Issues in Assessing Low Level Ionizable Contaminant Partitioning in Soils and Sediments
N. T. Loux

Jewish and Christian Religious Tradition As a Source of Values for Intergenerational Equity Concerns
W. W. Becker

Lead in House Dust: Bunker Hill Superfund Site Versus Background Levels
S. M. Spalinger, M. C. von Braun, and I. H. von Lindern

Life Expectancy Gain As a Measure of Risk Reduction
J. M. Morris and J. K. Hammitt

Longitudinal Analysis of Environmental Justice
K. Dow and Y. Zhou

Mad Cows and Englishmen: A Precautionary Tale
A. S. Ahl

Making Decisions about Hazardous Waste Remediation When Even Considering a Remediation Technology Is Controversial
Amy K. Wolfe and David J. Bjornstad

Mass Balance Problems With the USEPA Model for Estimating Infant Dioxin Dose Via Breast Milk
B. D. Kerger, I. Stabile, and T. L. Copeland

Matching the Tool with the Job: A Hazard-Risk Continuum
C. J. Ruffing, S. S. Brown, C. A. Pittinger, and E. Mihaich

Measurement Error and Threshold Uncertainty in Classifying Biological Species for Conservation
H. Regan and S. Ferson

Mechanistic Approach for Determining Uncertainty Factors Specific to Species Combinations, A
M. Béliveau, M. L. Pelekis, and K. Krishnan

Mental Risk Among Children in Belarus Exposed in Prenatal Period Following the Chernobyl Accident
S. A. Igumnov and V. V. Drozdovitch

MENTOR: An Integrated Modeling Environment for Multiscale Probabilistic Exposure and Risk Assessment
P. G. Georgopoulos, A. Roy, and S. S. Isukapalli

Mercury in the South Florida Everglades Ecosystem; A Qualitative Assessment of Ecological Risk
Q. J. Stober, D. Scheidt, K. W. Thornton, R. Jones, and S. L. Rathbun

Methodology for Comparing Risks, Benefits, and Financial Costs of Environmental Health Options
G. Rice, B. Boutin, M. Brown, R. Clark, J. Lipscomb, R. Miltner, L. Papa, R. Rheingans, J. Cohen, P. Murphy, T. Harvey, and L. Teuschler

Methods for Assessing Bioavailability of Hazardous Chemicals in Soils Incidentally Ingested by Human
J. A. Shatkin, C. A. Menzie, and L. Williams

Methods for Assessing Risks Due to Organizational Factors, Safety Culture, and Human Error
A. Mosleh

Methylmercury-Biomarker Effect on Dose Reconstruction and Dose-Response
M. Bolger and C. Carrington

Microbial Risk and Ecological Assessment in Drinking Water Quality
B. Boutin, J. Schubauer-Berigan, M. Brown, R. Clark, J. Cohen, T. Harvey, J. Lipscomb, R. Miltner, P. Murphy, L. Papa, G. Rice, R. Rheingans, and L. Teuschler

Model Validation in the Not-So-Real Multimedia World
R. L. Maddalena

Modeling Aggregate Exposure from Time Varying Sources
P. S. Price, J. Y. Young, and C. F. Chaisson

Modeling and Risk Assessment
T. Habtemariam, P. Yu, D. Oryang, D. Nganwa, L. Ayanwale, S. Wilson, R. Fite, R. McDowell, C. Chioino, and S. Kaplan

Modeling Environmental Decisions Over Time
J. L. Guyse and L. R. Keller, University of California, Irvine, CA; and T. Eppel

Modeling Indoor Pollutant Concentration Time Series: The Proximity Effect and Indoor Exposure
S. McBride, P. Switzer, W. Ott, A. Ferro, and L. Hildemann

Modeling the Relationship Between Proximity to Urbanization and Shrimp Density Using a Spatially-Explicit Model
B. R. Gray, J. W. Daugomah, D. E. Porter, B. Jones, T. C. Siewicki, M. H. Fulton, and J. W. Drane

Modeling the Tradeoff Between the Health Benefits of Breastfeeding and the Health Risks from Dioxin in Human Milk
A. Carlson, S. Grosse, R. Rheingans, R. Canady, R. Li, and L. Grummer-Strawn

Modeling Uncertainty and Variability and the Noncarinogenic Risks on the Consumption of Fish Containing PCBS
R. E. Keenan, P. S. Price, J. H. Samuelian, and J. M. Hamblen

Models for Assessing Population Effects of Risk Factors Affecting Transmission
J. Koopman, S. E. Chick, and A. Adams

Monte Carlo Analysis Is Not the Only Tool for Propagating Uncertainties in ERA
D. R. J. Moore and W. J. Warren-Hicks

Monte Carlo Sampling Algorithms for Rare Events
I. Miller and R. Kossik

Multipathway Risk Assessment for an Industrial Property in Portland, Oregon
G. S. Randall, J. T. Wroble, and P. M. Geiger

National Mentality and Risk Perception
V. V. Lesnykh and M. M. Chuchkevich

National Risk Assessment Methodology to Support EPA’s Air Characteristic Study
C. M. Bertrand, T. K. Pierson, A. C. Lutes, and A. B. Marimpietri

Natural Rubber Latex Allergy: A Critical Review
S. Hays, B. Finley, and D. J. Cher

Nature of Definitions Related to Risk Assessment Process: Application of the CARAT, The
I. Rosenthal and A. J. Ignatowski

New Approaches to Determining the Value of Risk Control Activities
J. Carter and A. Veltri

New Hybrid Probabilistic Approach For Health Risk Assessments, A
S. Mishra and V. A. Kelley

New Strategies for Prediction of Human Cancer Risk
J. E. Korte, I. Hertz-Picciotto, and L. Ball

New Tool for Assessing Exposure to New/PMN Chemicals, A
T. H. Brennan and M. K. Powers

Nonindigenous Pathogenic Shrimp Virus Introductions Into the United States: Developing a Qualitative
H. K. Austin, W. H. van der Schalie, C. Menzie, A. Fairbrother, and J. H. Gentile

Nuclear Risk Communication: Towards a Management of a Legal Paradox
N. Hautin

Nuclear Waste Transportation—A Case Study on Identifying Risk Information Needs
S. M. Silbernagel, D. A. Grace, and E. M. Faustman

Object-Oriented Probabilistic Multimedia Fate and Transport Simulator, An
R. Kossik and I. Miller

On-Farm Production
E. Ebel

On the Application of Bayes Theorem to the Development of Dose Response Curves
S. Kaplan

On the Stopping Rule Which Minimizes Expenses for Risk Reduction to the Super-Small Acceptable Value
B. S. Fleishman

Organizational Learning Behaviors Present in Incident Investigation Teams
R. K. Urian

Out of the Frying Pan and Into the Fire? Evaluation of the Health Effects of Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts
J. C. Lipscomb, L. K. Teuschler, T. Harvey, and J. T. Cohen

Overview and Possible Uses of Engineering Risk and Performance Assessment Techniques in Food Safety
M. Modarres

Overview of a National Multimedia, Multipathway and Multireceptor Risk Assessment Technology Development, An
G. F. Laniak, K. J. Castleton, and G. Whelan

Overview of the Multimedia, Multipathway, and Multireceptor Risk Assessment (3MRA) Framework for HWIR, An
Z. A. Saleem, C. M. Marin, and D. Guvanasen

Overview of US EPA’s Risk Assessment for Identification of Hazardous Wastes, An
B. Johnson

Particle Size Distribution: Implications for Risk Characterization
D. Ager, T. Jarv, and R.Taylor

Participatory Evaluation of Stakeholder Involvement: Promise and Pitfalls
C. Chess and G. Gibson

PBPK/Monte Carlo Simulation of the Heterogeneity in Cancer Risk Values for Tetrachloroethylene, A
H. Choudhury, J. C. Lipscomb, and J. Z. Byczkowski

Perception of Health Risks As Related to the Economic Status of the Individuals
D. Kolarova

Perception of Risk During a Precious Metal Reclamation from Hazardous Waste, Facility Site Approval
M. F. Sawyer

Persistent Organic Pollutants and Population Based Human Exposure
D. H. Bennett, T. E. McKone, and W. E. Kastenberg

Perspective on Advice Provided by the Science Advisory Board's Radiation Advisory Committee to the Environmental Protection Agency on Quantification of Uncertainty in the Health Risk of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
K. Jack Kooyoomjian and F. Owen Hoffman

Pesticide Exposure and Potential Health Effects in Young Children Along the U.S.-Mexico Border
S. C. Hern and G. L. Robertson

Phosphogypsum Wastes: Exposure of Carcinogenic Pollutions on a Man
V. V. Malygin and V. V. Menshikov

Physiologically-Based Algorithm for Conducting Inhalation Exposure Assessment, A
S. Gaudreau and K. Krishnan

Playing by the Rules: Reducing Uncertainty in Evaluating Mixtures
R. M. Putzrath

Poverty and Environmental Inequity: A GIS-Based Field Approach
M. E. Hodgson and K. Field

Predictive Bayesian Assessment of Reported and Unreported Injuries to Municipal Solid Waste Workers
J. D. Englehardt, H. An, J. A. Bean, L. E. Fleming, and M. Danits

Predictors of Human Interindividual Variability in Pharmacokinetic Parameters: The Effects of Population and Chemical Properties on Susceptibility to Drug Disposition
Prerna Banati, Dale Hattis, and Rob Goble

Preparation
W. Schlosser

Prioritization of Disinfection By-Products Using QSTR
C. J. Moudgal, R. M. Bruce, and J. C. Lipscomb

Probabilistic Estimates of Risk from Consumption of Mourning Dove Contaminated with Heavy Metals
S. Erdal, M. Gochfeld, J. Burger, and T. Simon

Process for Conducting Probabilistic Risk Assessments (PRA) in the U.S. EPA Superfund Program
S. Chang

Processing Requests to Import Animals and Animal Products Into the United States: How the USDA Determines Sanitary Risk
G. Garris

Proposed Methodology to Assess Ecological Exposure and Risk for 3MRA
S. M. Beaulieu, J. S. McLean, G. T. Conrad, and D. A. Cozzie

Probabilistic Competitive Risk Model for Environmental Influence on Human Health Analysis
A. A. Bykov, I. A. Pronina, and E. V. Kuljova

Probabilistic Screening Assessment of Ecological Risks
S. Ferson

Probability Elicitation for NASA F-B-C Space Missions
R. F. Miles, Jr.

Prospects for Harmonizing Chemical and Radiation Risk Management: Lessons from Case Studies
P. A. Locke, N. L. Tran, T. Burke, and D. O’Connor

Public Participation and Communication in Establishing Fish Consumption Advisories
C. G. Jardine and S. E. Hrudey

Public Perceptions of Urban River Flood Risks and Ecological Quality: Focus Group Insights
R. J. Griffin, J. Giese, D. Booth, D. Clark, and V. Novotny

Public Risk Perception of the Chernobyl Accident Consequences in the Ukraine
N. I. Borodyanskiy

Quantifying Health Benefits from Eating Fish
M. Daviglus

Quantitative Ecological Risk Assessment
V. Yanenko

Quantitative Exposure Assessment: Application of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Low-Dose, Long-Term Exposure of Organic Acid Toxicant in the Brain
C. S. Kim, J. A. Sandberg, W. Slikker, Jr., Z. Binienda, T. A. Patterson, and P. M. Schlosser

Quantitative Risk Assessment for Veterinary Fluoroquinolones on Campylobacter in Beef
S. A. Anderson, R. M. Yeaton-Woo, L. M. Crawford, L. M. Barraj, and B. J. Petersen

Quantitative Risk Assessment Model for the Import of Cattle Infected With Blue Tongue Virus
L. A. Kelly and M. Wooldridge

Quantitative Risk Assessment of E. Coli O157:H7 in Lettuce
E. Todd, J. Farber, and W. H. Ross

Quantitative Risk Assessment of Handwashing Using Literature and Experimental Data, A
D. W. Schaffner, R. I. Montville, and Y. Chen

Quantitative Risk Assessment of Listeria Monocytogenes in Cabbage in Canada
E. Todd, J. Farber, and W. H. Ross

Radiological Risk from Contaminated Biomass Combustion Facilities
V. Goulo, A. Andrizhijevski, V. V. Rymkevich, and A. Z. Grebenkov

Recent Advances in Evaluating the Oral Bioavailability of Inorganics in Soil
M. V. Ruby and R. A. Schoof

Regional Approach to Assess Drinking Water Exposure, A
C. L. Walls, J. L. Kiwell, L. Barraj, J. L. Watters, and S. H. Youngren

Regional Scale Assessment of Risk and Recovery to the Everglades and South Florida Ecosystems
J. Gentile, M. Harwell, W. Cropper, J. Ogden and S. Davis

Remedial Options Identified for an Estuarine Environment
A. Getty, C. Rockett, T. Brzinski, J. Duncan, and L. Noble

Risk Analysis of Emergencies for Region’s Population
A. Yelokhin, O. Bodrikov, S. Ulianov, and V. Glebov

Risk Assessment by Distribution of Hazardous Events As a Function of Time and Damage
B. V. Potapov, V. A. Akimov, and Y. L. Vorobiev

Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, Part D Applicability at a Large Federal Facility
L. J. Long

Risk Assessment in Environmental Decision Making
A. Fairbrother

Risk Assessment of Melamine for the Development of Drinking Water Action Levels Adequately Protective of Human Health
L. L. Bestervelt and A. D. Phelka

Risk Assessment of Mixtures of Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) for Drinking Water Treatment Systems
L. K. Teuschler, P. Murphy, J. C. Lipscomb, G. Rice, R. Bruce, C. Moudgal, J. Cohen, and R. Miltner

Risk Assessment of T-Butanol for the Development of Drinking Water Action Levels Adequately Protective of Human Health
R. Sohn and G. L. Ball

Risk Associated With Consumption of Meat From Animals Exposed to Fumonisin B1
A. M. Kadry, M. Hoffman, and I. S. Kim

Risk-Based Approach for Targeting Stormwater Management Actions, A
R. McConnell and M. Cabezas

Risk-Based Characterization of Support for Operations Other Than War
Y. Y. Haimes, J. H. Lambert, M. J. Dombroski, J. L. Olmsted, and R. Lian

Risk-Based Cleanup for the DOE Complex: A Non-linear Programming Approach
David J. Bjornstad, Donald W. Jones, and Kenneth S. Redus

Risk-Based Hurricane Recovery of Highway Signs, Signals, and Lights
J. H. Lambert, Y. Y. Haimes, H. C. Chua, R. D. Moutoux, R. E. Selig, and J. L. Tsang

Risk-Based Priority Setting: Application in the Urban Environment
N. M. Shalauta, T. A. Burke, H. P. Hynes, D. Ozonoff, and R. Clapp

Risk Communication and Communication Theory
E. Yeo

Risk Communication and the Willingness-to-Pay for a Reduction in Mortality Risk
P. S. Corso, J. K. Hammitt, and J. D. Graham

Risk Education in the Classroom: A Formal Evaluation of Project Learning Tree’s Focus On Risk
C. Gomez Schmidt and M. Zint

Risk Factors of Technological Accidents Provoked by Extreme Natural Phenomena
M. A. Shakhramanian

Risk Management of Social Shocks
K. Atoyev

Risk of Animal Disease Introduction Through Meat Importation
R. Morley, S. Farez, and S. Chen

Risk Perception and Gender: New Evidence
A. H. Dierks

Risk Perception and New Age Beliefs
L. Sjöberg

Risk Perception, Communication and Life-Cycle: Salmonella Case
N. Bronfman and H. Carreño

Risk Perception of Information Technology
J. Truedsson and L. Sjöberg

Role of EPA Headquarters in Implementing Environmental Justice, The
B. Hill

Role of Risk Communication in Response to Technological Stigma, The
J. Flynn

Role of Wild Caught Fish and Game in the Diet of North Carolinians, The
J. Burger and M. Gochfeld

Salmonellosis Dose Reconstruction from Ice Cream and Cereal
D. Hawkins, S. Tatini, K. Vought, H. Marks, and M. Coleman

Save the People and Toxic Exposure
Z. Lyde

Science-Based, Precautionary and Discursive Strategies for Risk Management
A. Klinke and O. Renn

Science-Policy Interface: Uncertainty, Expertise, and Environmental Decision Making, The
L. L. Wells and W. E. Kastenberg

Scope and Epidemiologic Risk Estimates
M. Powell

Setting Soil Screening Levels for Wildlife at Superfund Sites
M. Butcher, R. Pastorok, and B. E. Sample

Significance of Dermal Dose Levels in Dermal Absorption Studies of Pesticides
T. Thongsinthusak, J. H. Ross, and M. H. Dong

Simulating Integrated Multimedia Chemical Fate and Transport for National Risk Assessments
Z. A. Saleem, R. B. Ambrose, D. B. Schwede, K. L. Little, D. Guvanasen, and T. P. Lillys

Simulating Multimedia Releases from Waste Management Units for HWIR
K. W. Little, P. A. Labieniec, Z. A. Saleem, D. A. Cozzie,and D. Guvanasen

Site-Specific Ecological Testing in an Estuarine Environment
C. Rockett, A. Getty, T. Brzinski, J. Duncan, and L. Noble

Slaughter
C. Narrod and T. Roberts

Social Amplification Research: Report on the London Workshop
R. E. Kasperson, P. Slovic, and N. Pidgeon

Socioeconomic Status and Environmental Risk Perception: Implications for Risk Assessment and Risk Communication
R. de Blaquiere, S. Brown, R. Bruhn-Keup, A. Santa Maria-Robles, and B. Williams

Software for Risk Analysis in Oil Industry.
A. Lebedev, A. Yelokhin and A. Chernoplekov

Southern Organizing Committee and Environmental Justice, The
C. Tucker

State of the Art: Joining Toxicology and Epidemiology for Better Risk Assessment
C. Schonwalder

Spatial Considerations in Ecological Risk Assessment
C. A. Menzie

Spatially Explicit Population Models for Risk Assessment
W. G. Landis, L. M. Oakes, and L. M. Macovsky

Strategies for National Scale Data Collection: Extant Sources and Spatial (GIS) Data Processing
R. S. Truesdale, G. T. Conrad, and S. M. Kroner

Study of Perception of Risk Messages After the Times Beach Dioxin Investigation, A
R. Boot, B. Quinn, and G. M. Carlson

Temporal Fallacies in Biomarker Based Exposure Inference
S. M. Bartell, R. P. Ponce, W. C. Griffith, and E. M. Faustman

Territories Relative Risk Measures for the Support of Decision-Making, The
V. G. Krymsky, I. I. Kovalenko, and A. R. Yunusov

Testing a Social Network Contagion Theory of Risk Perception
C. W. Scherer and Hichang Cho

TGF-ß Paradoxically Modulates T-Lymphoycte Activation in a Concentration-Dependent Manner
S. C. McKarns and N. E. Kaminski

Thyroid Cancer After the Chernobyl Accident
Peter Jacob

Tiered Approach for Assessing Children’s Exposure, A
J. G. Tell, L. J. Hushka, S. E. Lerman, and R. T. Zaleski

Tiered Approach to Exposure Assessment Using Models Developed by the U.S. EPA, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, A
M. K. Powers, T. H. Brennan, and M. C. Fehrenbacher

Tiered Approach to Probabilistic Risk Assessment Using 2-Dimensional Analysis at an Air Force Site
J. S. Duffy

Tiered Approach to Wildlife Risk Assessment, A
W. R. Munns, Jr., T. R. Gleason, J. P. Baker, S. S. Heppell, N. H. Schumaker, S. P. Bradbury, T. M. Henry, J. W. Nichols, and A. S. Trebitz

Toxic Equivalency: Multimedia Environmental Fate and Exposure Models in Life-Cycle Assessment
E. G. Hertwich, T. E. McKone, W. S. Pease

Toxicity Considerations in Cumulative Risk Assessment
B. E. Mileson and E. Faustman

Toxicity of Mixtures from Point Source Emissions in New Jersey
L. F. McGrath, P. Mayes, and A. Stern

Toxicity of 2,6 Di-tert-butyl 4 Nitro Phenol (DBNP)
W. K. Alexander, K. R. Still, G. B. Briggs, and C. Mackerer

Transboundary Environmental Risk Profile & Multilateral Management Strategy in the Northeast Asia, A
S. Ikeda and G. Zhai

Treatment of Uncertainty in Assigned Share for Cancer Following Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
C. Land

Tri-State Geographic Initiative, A Community-Based Approach to Environmental Protection
K. L. Mitchell, J. R. Lewis, A. B. Preish, and A. G. Jones

Trust and Risk Perception in Four European Countries
M. Viklund, L. Sjöberg, and L. J. Frewer

Uncertainties Associated with Radon Progeny Exposure Estimates Used in Three Case-Control Studies
D. J. Steck

Uncertainties of an Age- and Time-Dependent Risk Model
S. L. Simon, I. Apostoaei, and F. O. Hoffman

Uncertainty Analysis for Health Risks from Exposure to Radionuclides
C. Nelson, D. Pawel, K. Eckerman, and R. Leggett

Understanding Emerging Issues in Assessing Children’s Health Risks
J. C. Lamb

U.S. EPA’S Assessment for Cadmium (Draft)
G. L. Foureman and L. T. Haber

Use of Angler Survey Information for Probabilistic Risk Assessment of the Lower Fox River, Wisconsin
N. D. Wilson, V. A. Craven, D. J. MacNair, and T. J. Iannuzzi

Use of Economics in International Sanitary and Phytosanitary Risk Assessment and Decisionmaking, The
R. W. Fite and R. McDowell

Use of Indoor Residential Exposure Monitoring Data to Validate Indoor Residential Exposure Models
L. A. Fell, T. G. Osimitz, J. S. Griesemer, J. R. De Prospo, S. S. Singer, D. Carlson, G. K. Whitmyre, J. H. Driver, M. D. Pandian,M. E. Ginevan, R. E. Rogers, and L. W. Tang

Use of Nasal Flux and DNA Distributions To Better Predict Formaldehyde Dosimetry for Risk Assessment
P. M. Schlosser, A. Georgieva, D. B. Janszen, and J. S. Kimbell

Use of Pulmonary Function Tests to Study Sensitization Among Workers Exposed to Cyanoacrylates
P. S. Chapman, M. Goodman, and D. Paustenbach

Use of Semiparametric Statistical Methods to Model Environmental Transport of Contaminants
W. C. Griffith

Using Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (Foodnet) to Estimate the National Burden of Specific Foodborne Illnesses
T. J. Van Guilder, F. J. Angulo, and P. M. Griffin

Using Risk Assessment to Develop Remedial Goals for a Pesticide Contaminated Canal
L. Block

Using the Stated Choice Method to Value Non-Market Goods
M. Heberling, A. Fisher, J. Shortle, and W. Delavan

Using Traditional Environmental Knowledge As a Risk Characterization Framework
S. G. Harris

Utilizing Health Surveillance Data in Model-Based Health Risk Assessments: A Baysian Approach
Owen J. Devine and Judith R. Qualters

Validation of Bioassays for Reproductive Toxicity
W. A. Price, G. B. Briggs, W. K. Alexander, K. R. Still, and K. Grassman

Validation of the Multimedia Models Forestpath and Fruitpath Through International Intercomparisons
I. Linkov and D. Burmistrov

Value-of-Information Analysis on the Examination and Regulation of Chemical Substances in Japan
M. Gamo, A. Kishimoto, and J. Nakanishi

Value of Life and Insensitivity to Quantity in Contingent Valuation Risk Judgments
N. F. Pidgeon